Shifting is a fundamental operation in computer instructions and a type of bit manipulation. When shifting bytes, shorts, and chars, the result is promoted to int. Without compiler optimization (which can yield unpredictable results), the effective shift count is the remainder of the shift count and 32, meaning shifting 33 bits is equivalent to shifting 1 bit. For long values, the effective shift count is the remainder of the shift count and 64, so shifting 66 bits is the same as shifting